Frederick Brooks

20h?1999??69??³?Frederick Phillips Brooks, Jr.)³?????????60?29?????????IBM/360????û????h?????????L'?????????L????³????h?

³?1931419??KZk1953???????????????1955?????1956?ò??????³??õ??????h??l??hü??????h?????l?(Computation Laboratory)?g?40?MARKI?h??L?ASCC(Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator)?(Howard Hathaway Aiken,19001973)?IBM???g??MARKl????ASCC?MARK???????kF.C.WilliamsT.M.Kilburn?MADM(1848)??MARKIh?????l???(Baby)??MARKI?h?³??????????ko(TheAnalytic Designof Automatic Data Processing System)???'³?h???

??ò??????³?IBM?T??????5080h?IBMg³?µHarvestStretch?????wlh?¼5060????Stretch??????6????????h???³??J??????????????????1957?jh????(Program Interrupt System,?3048332D.W.Sweenly)??g

1959?³?IBM?????L?±?????IBM?????k?1960?IBMl???8000???h??k??????°??h??1951?IBM?IBM701707014107070??z??????;????IBM??8000'?????1964?????8000µlµl?µ????'IBM???h??h?????³??????????û?³???????????(Thomas John Watson, Jr.)??IBM?19615µzS?h?SPREAD(??o???Systems Programming, Research, Engineeringand Development)???taskforce(??õ????)13????(John w. haanstra)???³????h??????h?l?³??³?????IBM/360??h????h?360ô?h?Ž?????µ????????34?³??5?????³???????????º???g?(??d?)??³????????IBM???Ž??????????IBM/360??5????????20?1/4??³?2000?????360???5000??196447?IBM?50?360??????o????????IBM/360?û????????k????±???L360??'IBM????1966???45??6???19????g??60i360??????15%70?50%??360????????360???Amdahl????(Plug Compatible Computer)????³???IBM/360?

?IBM/360????IBM?70?370?360???o?h?360L£???????????h??IBM/360???£??·l????????(g?????2030405065756?t258591195?)???????õ??????????û????????L?

360????³??IBM????(UNC)???????20(19641984)?????????¡?????l????ã?19661970?ACM?????19731975ACM????(?SIGCA)?19771980?³?????19831984?????????19861987??h???g???19851987???????o????????(???Walkthrough)????????????³???lg???19923??NSF?????³??????g?VR??????VR??j?³????????1987?³??????????'??'??????

³?????1963?(Kenneth Iverson, APL?1979??)???(Automatic Data ProcessingWiley)h????h1969??2?h?IBM/360??(?Automatic Data Processing,System/360Edition)1975?????»?????(The Mythical Man-Month: Essay on Software EngineeringAddison Wesley)??IBM/360L?????l?20?,1995?h?h?j?(Twente Technical University,??¹K??)??(G. A. Blaauw)g????(Computer Architecture: Concept and EvolutionAddison Wesley, 1997)??³?????IBM¶?h??3?wl????????h?L????????(Computer Zoo)???h??1995?(I.E. Sutherland???1988??)??h??Evolving the High Performance Computing and Communications Initiative to Support the National Information InfrastructureNational Academy Pr.???????(????·)h??

???jACM1987?³????(Distinguished Service Award)1995T?(A. Newell, 1975???1992?)Newelle??³???U(D.E. Knuth, 1974??)?j?????ACMl??IEEE??³???McDowell(1970)(1982)?w(1993)AFIPS1989?³?Harry Goode??DPMA1970???k?1985?³??IBM/360?L????(National Medal of Technology)???L?IBMh?(Erich Bloch)???(Franklin Institute)??³?Bower