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Windows ??L? Linux ? UNIX

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GNU/Linux ÿ?õg??h???ô?????

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??? Linux Windows ???l??g?hûh?g????òg???????? UNIX ?????UNIX Windows "??? UNIX L?? Windows i?? Linux?h??i??? UNIX ???

???????? Windows g???? ?l?' Windows? Windows ?????????w?gWindows ????h???????h;

UNIX ????
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GNU/Linux
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GNU/Linux?û??Linux?GNU/Linux

û? Linux ?ô??áLinux ?? DOS ?K?? Linux ûLinux ?ô

??ôh??h?£?????? Linux UNIX??????ô Linux Windows ôRedhat Linux mount NTFS Linux ?ô???ô?OpenOffice?Wordl??ôWindows??Linux??g

40G????? Linux 2G????ô?ô?? ? Windows ?ô????j??Windowsk?ULinux??gÿGUI???KhU?h?? Drag&Drop?ã????h Windows Linux h???Linux ??? Linux???Windows??û??Linux? WineWindows??û?? Windows???? Windows ?h VMWare h Linux ?

??? Windows ??I???û?? Linux ? UNIX ??? Linux? Linux?????á???? Linux ?h?UNIXlUNIX ???k?h?'? Windows ??

??ôoh?????õgh?????????h?h???????kLinux h?kLinux ?? Windows?????i?????

Unix ???g???h????

UNIX Dennis Ritchie ? Unix is simple. It just takes a genius to understand its simplicity. ?ô???ht?¸?I Windows ????U UNIX k??? Windows I? UNIX ??ô?ñ Windows ??'?? Windows ?? Linux h????á

???L?ø??Unix ???g???hZ??? Windows ??l?? ?h??K????????û??g

?j?
?y?J???????š? MITStanford L?????hy??????????hû???¢????????????

???h??????h??Steven Fortunewk????'ã? VC+MFC ??????õ Fortune L?h??j?????????? Fortune??hû MFC ?l??? Windows ???? MFC ??û????????

?????? Windows ?ô?????û Windows ????û??ôô?????h£????h????l?????¥??????????

??J???? Win2000Office XP??????IE? Word ??pptemail ?? doc l? Word ?? 863 ? VC ????j?h??????ô? ?????j???ou??????? ???????

Windows µ?
??L??l?j?z?? //blush

???i????š?????o???g¼?? ü???VC?? Visual C++????????wL?h??l?Windows 1.0?

?ô?ãô'??????Kh? DOS ??Windows Word jPowerPoint? ExcelAccess µ????MCSEMSDE ????280???????j???Microsoft PressK???µ??ÿ???200?h???????XXXX(h?)???õhu???k???6000? Windows XP ???

??????ô?????????h Windows??'??? Delphi ?????????????????????? Delphi ??????i???

??????ô????j?ù?????????K Windows 95 VC ???ü?hh???ò?h???h£??95?ô??win95h??DOSh??ô DOS??ô??? ???e? VC?K Pascal ?h??????? C, C++ VC ??? Pascal??ô?VC?????VCg??? ????????h? Windows ????û???????Z?g?k ????

????z?g?µk???J?????UNIXXwindowh? UNIX ãXwindow õ???h???? Windows ? Windows t?? win2k.NET ??i?¼?? h?????Windows ???Windows ?õg?ô??ô??? UNIX ??

?l
j? USENET ? Scheme ???h?????Kh??¡???k?????? LISPScheme???? Jonathan Rees "Syntactic Closures"?Lh MIT "How to Design Programs"?? PC ? Linux Emacs ? Scheme Emacs ??'??????i?h Scheme ?i?

ô???ÿh?L??ù??ôôI??????ô??J??h??l?

??????k? Scheme????©????????ü?

g??ôy?ô???????ô?l??·???

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?ôg?Windows 98????h 100 ?ÿ??l?Windows NT ???û??5ûg10ûg ??û???

???????û?? Windows ?hh¾?h WinZip ??? 29 ?Windows ?? 70 ?h Norton AntiVirus g???h Norton Internet Security ?100 ????Z?h Norton System Works ?L100?

???°?h Word, PowerPoint?h Office XP ?h?$459.90

???ð??ôã?ô??????? Special Edition Using Microsoft Office XP$27.99???L??h?i???$17.85

???????????? Windows ?h Visual Studio.NET ???ô$494.95

?????? MSDN ?ôI?h??$2,799

t??????gg??

??ô?' Windows
????? WindowWindows ????

?Windows ?"?û??? P&GPhilips j???I??g?gk????g

???h?lL¢???ûh?gWindows ??????????? Symantec ?????ô???

??????h?h?????????U?? ????? "I accept"???h "I decline"?????ñ? "I accept"????

???ü?j Microsoft Word ??????30?g?????????????? P&G L???jh?h?? ????û????õK??? "I accept"

??????PC?z???g?i??k???????? Windows ????????©û?J? Windows ?J?J?'á

????h?? IT ? ?û??????????????????

??L?(?????)??"h?'???????ô ????á??????"?? Windows ???????h?l??? .NET ??????g????g??ô???û?y?h??KNASA? DOE? CERN? ?h?????ô?ã

?ô Windows ?? Linux ???
Windows ?? Linux ????????

???û Windows???? Linuxû?? Windows ? Linux ??

h??Windows ?? Linux ????????

Windows Linux
Windows µ?????gô Linux ??û??????????? Windows k?õö?????õK Linux ?? UNIX, ??????? Matlab, Mathematica, AutoCAD, CandencegSynopsysgAvant! g? UNIX I?( Linux)??? Windows? Windows? Windows Lhû?????? Windows PSpice, UNIX HSpice ?õö???????g???

Windows ? Linux û??g???gÿh Windows ????ô???

h??????hU?
?Uh????g Gtk, Qt jLinux ¿????????h?Uõ???????g??h? Gtk Qt GVIM ? Gtk ????h? Synopsys h? Qt

?J??h? FVWM, lftp, Mutt, wget ??h??ô??? ?h? FVWM ?h????K???? FVWM ??U

h??k?????gá
??? Open Office, Star Office, AbiWord, ... ?ôh?h Linux ???Jh? doc j??h???ô????????????j?h??? doc j??h???? doc j????? Microsoft Office Windows

?h£ô??J?????õK Linux ? UNIXû Word ãôj?ôûh Open Office ???û???j

???????g?????ULõ??ôg? UNIX û?? troff, LaTeX, SGML ??j? Word ?K?Word ??ú???û Linux ¿h Word ???????k?

? Windows ????? Word PowerPoint?h? Windows '?? PowerPoint ?ôû?h???Y???h?ôÿ? ?? PowerPoint ü?Kõ???kh?l?õ???TeX?????ô??? Windows

Windows ?ûõ Linux ?
?
?? Linux ² Windows ?õ??Linux ??? Quakeû Counter Strike, û Star Craft,

???????????L?h??????????????????

CS ?? Tomb Raider ?? Tony Hawk's Pro Skaters ?? It's not real????g?g??ôu? Laura ??ô???? THPS h "360 kickflip to hangten grind to fakie"?L???? ollie

?zhµ?dg? Windows + PC õ??Sony PlayStation2, SEGA DreamCast, Nintendo N64Namco L?ÿh Windows ??ÿh??3D? Pentium4, Itanium + GForce4 ??

Linux û??LL?k???L?ÿLinux ??L???????h??????????ô Linux û???

??Z??
h??L???L?z? Windows û??l?? Windows û??þ?????h??????

??? Norton Defrag hhI?????ek??????100% û?????? ?y??ôg

Linux UNIX û?û?????úú???????????UNIX J?h24??h3651/4???g?ÿ??h???????????g

Linux ????ôû? Linux û??Linux l??? Windows FAT, FAT32, NTFS öl????l?????i??????????ðl??? Linux k Windows ? Windows ?ö?

????Norton System DoctorWindows Z??h ????????h????????Z??õZ??? Linux û????ôZLinux ????Zg

IDE
?????ô Linux ûhõ IDE Linux ?h? IDE ??????? Linux ?hhVC?û???µL???ôh? IDE?IDE ????"???? ?????????úh??

UNIX ? IDEIDE ? Windows ?õg

?? UNIX ?? Linux ??Xwindow ?h IDE g?? EDA ?ûh IDE Ugh? Candence, SynopsysMentor ???? EDA ? IDE ?gUt?? Windows ?? IDE????i?? VIM VIM ???????1000??ó?g

h???h? Linux ??? Linus ?ûh IDE? VIM? Emacs? Linus ?GNU Emacs is evil?õh? Emacs ???? MicroEmacs?ñ???l? make ?? gcc ??g? Windows ?? IDE??? clnmake ??? Windows ???? Windows Windows ?

??ô UNIX ? IDE? UNIX ???h IDE ?? ???? VIM Emacs? GCC? as? gdb, ddd, ? strace, ltrace, trussõh?j???L???ûh IDE IDE ????t ??????ò???µL????

UNIX ¾?h?? VIM ? VIM ? GNU makemake ? gcc, ld, ... make ??? VIM VIM ????? icc, make icc gcc gdb ???? ddd ????L?? Emacs gdb????? VIM Emacs ???zLaTeX jHTMLl ?h?ô????? Mutt, tin ?' VIM??? make ???æ?ÿh??? LaTeX j make ?g

Linux ???? Windows ?
???Linux/UNIX??? Windows ?? PC ?j? Alpha ' Windows NT?ûáPC ???g? NP-Hard ? Windows L????h??Windows ??gô?g

???EDA ????? Windows g???h? Windows???? Windows ? Mathematica Linux ?ô

IBM ?? 8000 Windows ô?õ?ô?? Linux

???š??ô??Windows???? Linux g

??????Windows ???? IRIX

UNIX ? TCP/IP ????????'ú???????? 1997??i??L?Internet ûj;g ?????ö???IIS ©??ù??????g

???Windows ûhõ? UNIX ??á

Linux ??õ Windows ?
? Linux ?g?????????? Linux ???Windows ????????U??L?Linux ?lû?

?LinuxXwindow?
??û??

?ô? Windows ?ô????ô???

?? Windows ?ô

Linux + Xwindow

?Xwindow ?ôg

? Windows ?? 'Start' t???h Windows ?h??h¾??U???

??ô????

?û??

??L?J?

K?ô?û??

?? Linux û? Linux Xwindow? Linux Xwindow ????ô Xwindow ??ô??t??????ô???It???g??gclass nameresource name?ô?? .Xdefaults ?ôg????? Xwindow g?ô fontsethµ??ô?

? Linux ??hhI???????Lh?? Linux Windows h??h?? Linux ???ã?? Linux Xwindow ?????þ? Linux ????û??û UNIX Xwindow ????ûð?û??k??????

g Windows û???g? Linux g Windows h???k?ô Linux ?????? Windows h????ôû?? Linuxûh? Windows

Linux ?? UNIX ??L???ô????ô?û KDE ??ôã??ô? Xwindow ?h??û?ô X server, ?ô X client?ô Window Manager, ?ô???¾?û???ô classname, resource name, hint' .Xdefaults, xrdb

?ò?h? Linux k????j Linux Xwindow ??û???û Xwindow L?????? Gnome, KDE ???S?????Linux ??

????ñ???hÿ???????? troff, LaTeX ?j? VIM ?? HTML Mutt '?ig? gdb ?? Xlib ?, ? tin USENET??? Makefile??? Clossal Cave ?g?ð??Y

???g?h Linux ??? Windows ???????t??h??????û???IK?? Windows L?? Linux

GUI vs. CLI
h??gg

????????

GUIû?h?? CLI g?????ô Makefile?ô Mutt

CLIû? ? X? X GUI ??g

?555 ??? GUI CLI ô???

?????l CLI GUI ?CLI (Command LIne) ??? X???h??h SecureCRT ¼ Sun ?h vanilla vi ??h GVIM ? Exceed ?????X??hô X?öû? X ??

?????Windows Exceed Sun ? X ? GVIM? CLI l??? Windows?ü SecureCRTÿdi?û??? "SSH2"?Connnect??SecureCRT???????j¼??SecureCRT ? GUI ?û Xwindow lô

? GUI g? console ¹? bash, VIM ?? bash ?l???? rxvt ' Mutt ? email?ÿ??h?? rxvt VIM ? LaTeX?? Makefile ? LaTeX j? mpg321 mp3BBSõ?? expect u ?CLI ??

? CLI ?Y? FVWM ?????h"r"? rxvt??h "U" ? GVIM GVIM ?g?? Mozilla ? GUI ??

?CLI ???????Lhh¾??:

Module FvwmConsole -terminal rxvt -geometry 45x5-0+0 \
-bg gold -fg midnightblue \
-fn "-adobe-courier-medium-r-*-*-14-*-*-*-*-*-*-*"
??t

GUI ??????? FvwmConsole ?

All (rxvt) MoveToDesk
? rxvt z??h?ôô??

?a??ô GUI CLIUNIX Xwindow ?????'??÷?? GUI ?K??UNIX X h?a?ôt????? GUI CLI g????gg

UNIX ???
z??ã???g Seymour Cray

?h Linux ??k?Linux ??á???????¼ãh??h????h???il??ô?? ??i??á???????? UNIX ?h??????

????Z?????

???gUNIX l???????

UNIX
?Plan9 ? UNIXMach ? Linux ??

h UNIX ???UNIX ?g?KPlan9 ? UNIXUNIX ? Plan9 S

??h?? Linux ?? Windows VxD ? Linux ?? UNIX ?h???UNIX ? read(), write() ??þ????K?l?l??lsocket ?hK????hõ?ó??????? cat, cp, dd, ?'? read (), write()??l?óû?û Smalltalk, û C++ UNIX ?'? ???C ??

UNIX ??ü??û????? UNIX ????? TeX ????? master piece! ?øi 0.1, 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 2.0, ..., 3.0, 3.1, 95, 98, 2000, XP, ... ?

Windows ??????h DOS ????????j?ò???? VxD ??Windows 95 ??? DeviceIoControl?ò??ó???Windows ???h?'????? Windows WDM ? ReadFile, WriteFile ??ô? Windows UNIX ???? UNIX ??????? UNIX K?ûõgWindows h'????I????ôã??i UNIX ?

UNIX ?
ô????

UNIX h?????Xwindow ???

UNIX ?h???õòt???????li? GNU bash, ????? Emacs ?????h .inputrc l?? vi ??h??????? shopt l????????hh?¼cd??????¼?

UNIX ???ûoûz?h?û

XwindowXwindow h??????h????????L? X ???J??h????J??¼ ?? XFree86 ???? XTerm?? GVIM ?h?? FVWM ??

Xwindow ?????? resource ? .Xdefaults l????? xrdb .Xdefaults ??ôû?õ???L??????

Xwindow J? Property, ?h??L(?)?? Property J?' Xwindow ??X J????û?h??? ICCCM(??Z?)?? property g?h??J?(EWM Hints)' Xwindow ??? Windows h???L??24??????????

h?J? FVWM?????????h????û?h???FVWM û?

??? Windows ??h?? "Yes or No"??????h?h????h?J

??? Windows ????????h?ÿ?h??????????h??h???ô???L??ô??L????û?h???ô????

??U??

???? Linux û? Linux??? Windows L?ã? Linux h? Windows?h???h ??? ??Linux ûg Windows??Linux ??L?? Windows ?Linux ¸?w???U??

UNIX XFree86, FVWM, VIM, Emacs, proftpd, Mutt, wget, tin, ... ûhl?g??ô?û???ã???ô??ý??

?????÷???gl??i??g???L?l???g??checkbox, radio button, ... ?û????jj??l????hh??h? hûh??ù awk, sed, Perl??

???õL?i?g??õ????3t?MetaPost??h??????

?

UNIX???UNIX???ÿ?h?w??Xwindow???ô?

¾Windows??ij??UNIX ??h?'tshell, grep, find, awk, sed, make, Perl, Emacs, vi, tin, Mutt, ... ôlh?h? sed ???h? vi VIM, ??ô???vi??j?? VIM ??h??vi? Mutt, tin ???? bash ? vi ????ôgh?hõ??????J???h

Windows UNIX ???????g Windows ' Perlh?? Windows l?????? Visual Studio ? UltraEdit ?h expect u telnet ?l?BBS

Windows ?????j'???????'??'?ÿhBBS?? Virtual Terminal, ????ÿh IDE ????'hµ?????L?'??i?l???? DIY

???j?g???ô?ôCPU?ô????ô???????g?L????ô?I??ô???ôt?ô??ô????g??gl????????? Windows õ???????ôã?????????õL??h??hI?û??Windows ??eL?????hh?????hõL?

UNIX Xwindow ??g? Mutt ?? VIM ? pico ?'? ImageMagick ? xv ???? lynx HTML ?i????? HTML Mozilla ??? GnuPG ?'k??? PGP Postfix sendmail ?' fetchmail '? postfix???Perl h???????w??wL??h???õ?lô

? UNIX ???
??? Windows ?ô? Linuxj??h?

???? Linux h?? Linux ???? Windows Linux ?h? Windows ??????ô???ô??ô?¼? Windows ô???û??jñ?L???????? Linux Windows ???????û?õ? Linux ûI? 20 ???h??

h'õlLinuxû?ûù windows?? /etc, /usr, /usr/local ,... C:, D:, E:, ... ???ù Linuxh windows ???/bin ?¼??

??ù?UNIX???hô?????L???õ????g?L?

?h60?vi, cc, make, ...??jlû?????hh?vi UNIX ????u??h?? FVWM l? 10 ???Lá

Windows L? Borland C++ VC, ??µL??????t??????????? ??»??????? VC, ? VJ, PowerBuilder, C++Builder, ...

?windows??dos Turbo C, ? Borland C, VC, C++ Builder, ......????SDK, MFC, .NET ?ô????????g Windows ?ò?? Microsoft Press ??h£????? VxD? WDM ??ò? MSDN ? Microsoft ?????? ?h?g

?ûû???????g???ô'ô?ôhº UNIX????UNIX L?õt??????áù?Lÿh??????

???? UNIX???L??? ???h?L?gl??g????g?

????h?ÿh????k???ð??I?ÿ100??hSÿh?h?g??????????wL?????????????????????h?ë

?ÿh?w?????ã?????;??????????kh?? ???h??U??

? GNU/Linux
?ô Windows ?áhû?ô Linux ???

jòãh?????? Win2k ?? miniChinput, XSIM SCIM ?¿?? VIM Emacs ????á?J??i VIM ?gz?LaTeX gMetaPost ??

? Word ??g LaTeX??ã?L???????õz ConTeXt g?????U??TeX?

??ú??L? xfigdia?????L????h????e??MetaPost?ã?hg?????? MetaPost g

? mozilla-mail ????ü??z? mozilla '????g? UNIX û?Mutt h??? UNIX '??????

? Gnome KDE ??????? FVWMKDEGnome ?? FVWM h? Gnome KDE ??????? gtk, Qt ???????????g

Linux ?????L? Windows û?g?K???? ssh rsynccvsexpect

?ô??ô?? Linux ??? Windows ??g¼? Windows?? Windows ??h???h?g UNIXXwindow, TeX ? Windows ????J???ô??ô?

??Lþ¸? bash, FVWM, TeX, VIM, Emacs, Mutt ??¸??š??Linux ??ô Windows ???????æ? UNIX L?????L?Linux ??l???????L?????õ??h???

????l???????? Linux ??????wlg?ü??????k????

¼: ? Linux
??????? Linux????ô????z????????j??????????????g?K???h???û?

?h?û?? Linux ????????i????h???????????h???? ðLÿû??kú ssh, ftp ???????û??K??ù???? Linux ??????????

h??'õ??h????õ??? Matlab, Mathematica, Maple, HSpice, Design Compiler, ?g??g? ? Linux UNIX I??????g???ô?????????????

??õh? Linux h??????????wùg????hõg??ó?h???k???L??????

Shell: bash csh ksh w? readline ??l?
? VIM, Emacs
?? GCC, make, ld, Scheme48, j2sdk, Perl, Python, Tcl/Tk ...
gõ??LaTeX, ConTeXt
??MetaPost???????L xfig, dia h?????
?ImageMagick? import L??convert ???display ???????(t??????)??ô??????? Gimp, Photoshop ??
??make?make??j?²? ?????
?SciLab?? Matlab
MAXIMA?l???h: ?(DOE)? MIT Macsyma ?? Common Lisp ??g??kz Maple MAXIMA ???? DOE ?GPL ??h
?GnuPG? PGP ?g
??ô: tar, gzip, bzip2, zip, rar, ...
Linux ?? mount ?
ftp proftpd, vsftpdproftpd ?????há
WWW apache(hû?)
ftp ?lftpncftp?i?g???kK? lftp bash ???Tab ?bookmark, queue, ???? Linux ??? ftp ????????????? Linux Windows h?????? Wine g Windows leapftp? lftp leapftp ú?????h¡
???wget??hh IE Mozilla ?l?g wget ?J??? WebZip Windows ???????????
??rxvt, xterm, gnome-terminal, mlterm, ...
X server: XFree86
?FVWM libstroke
?XSIM?L? FVWM ??? SCIM
email Mutt + Postfix + fetchmail
PDF, PS, DJVU lAcrobat Reader, xpdf, GhostScript, gv, djvu? netscape
CAJj?CAJ?j?PDFPS????á
?Mozilla, Phoenix, lynxMozilla-Xft ?? IE ú??
???IBM????
?? VIM ?? HTML?????i screem, BlueFish
¼ UNIX, Linux openSSH, telnet ? openSSH X ? ssh ?h?
¼ Windows2000 server display service: rdesktop...hh£ûù?
?rsync rsync ? ssh ????????¼?
BBSrxvt(?h?) + telnet + chatbot(helloooo ??)
QQ, ICQ: û QQ ICQ Gaim, ??? QQ, ICQ ??l??y?ICQ û? Licq
¼MPlayer, RealPlayerMPlayer ?????? VCD, DVD, divx, wma, wmv ... Windows ??L?? Windows ???rm û realplayer t??g
? xmms(mp3,ogg), mpg321(mp3), ogg123(ogg)mpg321 xmms lô??h mpg321 mp3 ???ÿhxmms
?? KDE ? ksokoban()?
Word j Word ûj??? PDF PS ??jû???i?aô?j?????û?ô????docemail?????iPDF??
?????ö?hõwg?Doctor Scheme, Scheme48, Scsh, kawa...?? Doctor Scheme Windows???Lh?gxinetd, telnetd, sshd, crond, atd, lpd, ... ? Windows K??K??û???