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Fred Brooks Brad Cox???
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?oh???Sko?????r?Fred Brooks 1986??10?S?o?o???1995oBrooksCox ?????oBrooks????oCox ???

?jo????lo?d??????????o??lod???????????????o?????

?j(1975)oIBM??Fred Brooks hs"The Mythical Man-Month"

?1960?1000???OS/360??jú;????o??o?????'hµ?(conceptual integrity)o????o'ô???????o?S(software crisis)

10(1986)oBrooksh?i

"No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering"

?s

10??S? (There will be no silver bullet within ten years)

¼??o"No Silver Bullet"?????Brooks??????io????(conceptual structure)??o??h?o??éu

1990o"Software IC"?OO?Brad CoxBrooksL?h??©

"There Is a Silver Bullet"

?????'?Li(culture change)o?????(IC)(software component)o?????o'éo???Jo?érS??

1995oBrooks?¯?o?h??© "No Silver Bullet Refired"oBrooksCox©o?Coxi?

?o???oBrooks ???d?r?????o????o???oh?

1995?oBrad Cox©"No Silver Bullet Reconsidered"oCox?L??K(paradigm shift)L?oLL?S?oõ??L????g

?10oBrooks?g?iodo?ô¸???t?koh????o???lo??´??o

1975
Brooks"The Mythical Man-Month"?

loh?½"The Mythical Man-Month"o??1956~1965 ?oBrooks??IBM 360 ????o???OS/360????o??IBM ???oOS/360?1000????J?o???l????ko??OS/360??lj???

?Man-Month ?o?£LoBrooks?????io'???oMan-Month ??l?(mythical)??óBrooks??

????oo???(Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later)

??l?

Brooks?????h(conceptual integrity)?h(conceptual integrity is the most important consideration in system design) h?hµ?o????(simplicity)(straightforward) ??

????oBrooks???(architecture)o???(implementation)???oks'????(the complete and detailed specification of the user interface) ??????o???hµ?o??'?o'????h(single philosophy) o????????oô?h?;(separation of architectureal effort from implementation is a very powerful way of getting conceptual integration on very large projects)

1987
Brooks"No Silver Bullet"??

?"The Mythical Man-Month"ho?o?U?·?rBrooks??o??OOP AI??io?h?i(representation)??o????(conceptual structure)?"No Silver Bullet"?o?(Aristotle)ô?????s

Essence ?(conceptual)??

Accidents ??????o?(representation)??

oOOP ?????o??L?i???o????(accidents)???od??????

û????o'??o???????o???ojY??silver bullet ???????Brooks?s

j??oi'?od???õ (Not only are there no silver bullets now in view, the very nature of software makes it unlikely that there will be any)

Brooks???s

(complexity)???o????L?o??r??????????r???õ??

h(conformity)??o??????h©o????h¡

?(changability) ?g???????Lo?????

???(invisibility)?io'??o????o'?L???

?i?oBrooks?û????(there is no royal road)??????k?s

?(buy and build) L?'o?h??

?(rapid prototyping) '???(iterative development) ???o'

??(growing organically) K?iok????oh?g

(great designer) ?lioõk??J?o???o??

1990
Cox"There Is a Silver Bullet"??

Cox ¿??Brooks"No Silver Bullet"h?i?oCox ?s

And in "No Silver Bullet: Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering," he(Brooks) argues that the difficulties are inevitable, arising from software's inescapable essence--not from accident, but from some deficiency in how programmers build software today.

"NSB" ?oBrooks??io???????h????o???????

uoCox Brooks?oCoxµL??oõ??L?

Cox?S???(irresistible)o??(immovable)g???ý??o??l(economic incentive)o??Li(cultural change) ?js???????'?????iK(paradigm shift)o??hh???????'õi?(standard component)??(market)»?ol??(value system)??(power structure) ????¶?r???????(process) ???????L????(software industry revolution)

?l?(IC)ho???o'??o???o???o???????o??'á??o??????

?oL??iKh?o??r?K??io?¥

1995
Brooks"No Silver Bullet" Refired?

?1987Brooks"No Silver Bullet"h?o??û?ojCox ?"There Is a Silver Bullet"©o?Harel "Biting the silver bullet"µ??

Brooksk?o????o??d(the magic solutions are not just around the corner)

BrooksCox "There Is a Silver Bullet"h??©o?Cox io??s

1 ?oCox ?s

"...but from some deficiency in how programmers build software today."

Cox ????????o?Brooks??????µio'?ôo???o????

2?oCox ?s

"...Brooks argues that the difficulties are inevitable..."

??oBrooks????????o???û?goBrooks???????(level) io²?(object)?Jo???o??o??????o??????o????o????????????o?û???

Brooks?OO??;o??????o'????(front-loaded cost) o??(down-stream benefits)oOOL?t'?So?j

1995
Cox"No Silver Bullet" Reconsidered ??

Cox ?Brooks??(essential)?complexityconformitychangability invisibilityoh??(cause) ???(symptoms)?ks

?jL???(component)??(subcomponent)

??o????üéoBrooks????

Cox BrooksL???(technocentric) oL??(human-centric) ???oS??ò?L?Lks???io????iK(paradigm shift)o?(technology)

hoG?L?h?G?oh?G?o?G???oG?j???h?G?o?ø?G??io'j???????oG?G?j????éo'éu

ko?oL?oho??o?h??r??o'???o????r?j?

dL??o'(end user)ÿ'h?(object)o??h?ø?o?h?ø?(subobject) ?o???????o??????o'ø???éo?????

j?o??BrooksCox ¾o??o???o????lo?L??o??o?o??u??

[?]
[1] Brooks, Frederick. The Mythical Man-Month. Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley, 1975.
[2] Brooks, Frederick. "No Wilver Bullet:Essence and Accidents of Software Engineering," IEEE Computer(April 1987"), PP.10-19.
[3] Brooks, Frederick. The Mythical Man-Month, the 20th anniversary edition. Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[4] Cox, Brad. Object-Oriented Programming:An Evolutionary Approach, Reading,MA:Addison-Wesley.
[5] Cox, Brad. "There Is a Silver Bullet." Byte(October 1990), PP. 209-218.
[6] Cox, Brad. Superdistribution "Objects as Property on the Electonic Frontier. Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley, 1995.
[7] Cox, Brad. "'No Silver Bullet'" Reconsidered," American Programmer (Novermber 1995), PP.2-8. [8] Harel, D. "Biting the silver bullet:Toward a brighter future for system development," IEEE Computer(January 1992), PP.8-20.

Fred Brooks 1956-1965 ??IBM System/360????oIBM ?????j?University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

1975"The Mythical Man-Month"ho?l20o?1995?oh¯?250000?1986o?©"No Silver Bullet"o??S?l?oh??

Brad CoxOO?o? Object-Oriented Programming: An Evolutionary Approach"

gICh?Objective-C ?J??j?Geoge Mason ?h? Superdistribution: Objects as Property on the Electonic Frontier

?????????CoxZS?L?io??g?iK(paradigm shift)o?(technology)

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